> < Lab 1 Terms > <

> < Brain > The BRAIN part of the central nervous system inside the skull. Its functions include muscle control and coordination, sensory reception and integration, speech production, memory storage and the elaboration of thought and emotion. <

> < MayoClinic.com > <

> < Mind > The MIND consists of the collective conscious and unconscious processes in a sentient organism that direct and influence mental and physical behavior. <

> < American Heritage Dictionary (Third Edition) > <

> < Neuron > A NEURON is a cell which conducts electric neural impulses from one part of the body to another. Neurons are made up of dendrites (branch-like fibers which receive impulses), and communicate with other neurons and effector organs at junctures calls synapses. <

> < aids.hallym.ac.kr/dict/n.html > <

> < Concept > A CONCEPT is an abstract, universtal physical entity that serves to designate a category or class of entities, evenets or relationships. <

> < Wikipedia.com > <

>< Terms for 9-30-04 ><

> <

> < Retrieval > RETRIEVAL is the processess through which we recover items from memory.<

> < Department of Pychology at the University of Alberta > <

> < Working Memory > WORKING MEMORY is conceptualized as an active system for temporarily storying and manipulating information needed in the execution of complex cognitive tasks. <

> < Department of Pychology at the Univerisity of Albeta > <

> < Memory Span > MEMORY SPAN refers to the number of items that a person can hold in their working memory. <

> < Department of Pychology at the Univerisity of Albeta > <

> < Clustering > CLUSTERING is the organization of items into groups in memory based on membership of the same category. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

> < Memory Aids > MEMORY AIDS are objects or devices that facilitate memory performance. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

> < Iconic Memory > ICONIC MEMORY is a memory that provides a brief but highly accurate record for stimuli impinging on sensory receptors. <

> < Memeoryzine.com > <

> < Memory Blocks > MEMORY BLOCKS are when a person tries repeatedly to recall something but cannot do so. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

> < Memory Slips > MEMORY SLIPS occur when something other than what was intended is recalled. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

> < Nonverbal Memory Language > NONVERBAL MEMORY LANGUAGE are gestures, facial expressions, and nonverbal sounds that people remmeber. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

> < Schema > SCHEMA is a memory for a person, object, situation, or event that is built up through experience. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

>< Terms for 10-8-04><

> <

> < Attention > ATTENTION is a term commonly used in education, psychiatry, and pychology. is is an internal cognitive process by which one actively selects environmental information of actively processes information from internal sources.<

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Analogy > ANALOGY is considered an important method of problem solving. The problem solver attempts to use his or her knowledge of one problem to solve another problem about which she or he has very little or no information <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Broca's Area > BROCA'S AREA is the section of the brain whcih is involved in speech production, specifically assessing syntax of words which listening, and comprehending structural complexity. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Cued Recall > CUED RECALL is a component of a memory task in whcih the subject is asked to recall items that were presented to them on an initial training, or initial presentation list. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Encoding > ENCODING refers to the processess of how items are placed into memory. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Metaphor > METAPHOR is the use of a word or a phrase to label an object or concept that t does not literally denote, suggesting a comparison of that concept to the phrase's denoted object. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Neuroscience > NEUROSCIENCE is the study of the nervous system. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Neurocognition > NEUROCOGNITION is the study of the relationships between neuroscience and cognitive psychology. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Serial Search > SERIAL SEARCH is a type of memory search in which information is retrieved one piece after another. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

> < Learning Rule > LEARNING RULES are algorithms or equations which govern changes in the weights of the connections in a network. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

>< Terms for 10-21-04 ><

> <

>< Allochiria > ALLOCHIRIA is a neurlogical disorder in which stimuli presented to one side of the patient's body are responded to as if they were presented to the opposite side. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

>< Cognitive Development > COGNITIVE DEVELOPEMENT is referred to the changes which occur to a person's cognitive structures, abilities, and processes. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

>< Cognitive Mapping > COGNITIVE MAPPING is a general term that applies to a series of methods for measuring mental representations. These techniques attempt to describe mental images that subjects use to encode knowledge and imformation. <

> < The University of Alberta's Cognitive Science Dictionary > <

>< Acronym > ACRONYMs arrange lists of words so that the first letters of the words themselves make a word. <

> <Memoryzine.com> <

>< Apraxia > APRAXIA is a disorder thatis caused by brain damage that impairs a person's ability to move. <

> <Memoryzine.com> <

>< Bad Memory Habits > BAD MEMORY HABITS are automatic approaches to memory tasks that impar memory performance. <

> <Memoryzine.com> <

>< Cerebellum > CEREBELLUM is the bulbic structure at the back of the cortex that is involved in balance and movenet and in establishing motoric memory. <

> <Memoryzine.com> <

>< Chunking > CHUNKING is the combining of information into chunks to facilitate storage in STM. <

> <Memoryzine.com> <

>< Short-term Memory (STM)> STM is the retention of small amounts of information for about 30 seconds or less. <

> <Memoryzine.com> <

>< Deja vu > DEJA VU is the feeling that one has already experienced a situation while knowning that she or he has never encountered the situation before. <

> <Memoryzine> <

>< 10-28-04 ><

> <

>< Apparent Motion > APPARENT MOTION is the perceptual phenomenon that occurs when we perceive motion in two or more static images that are presented in succession with appropriate spatial and temporal displacements.<

> < The University of Alberta > <

>< Articulary Loop > An ARTICULARY LOOP is responsible for storying speech based information. <

> < The University of Alberta > <

>< Connectionism > CONNECTIONISM is an approach in artificial intelligence to recreate the connections between nodes of information, in a network or hierarchy, that is equivalent to the brain's connections. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Cascade Processing > CASCADE PROCESSING is the assumption that a complex task can be broken down into distinct stages of information processing, and that these stages can be sequentially ordered, the complex task can be performed by completing each distinct stage.<

> < The University of Alberta > <

>< Dementia > DEMENTIA is a clinical state characterized by loss of function in multiple cognitive domains. <

> < The University of Albeta > <

>< Deductive Inference > With a DEDUCTIVE INFERENCE a conclusion always follows the states premises. <

> < The University of Alberta > <

>< Inductive Inference > INDUCTIVE INFERENCEs are inferences that are likely to be true because of the state of the world. Inductive inferences yield conclusions that increase the semantic information over and above that found in the initial premise. <

> < The Unversity of Alberta > <

>< Inference > INFERENCE is the act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Premise > A PREMISE is a proposition upon which an arguement is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Reasoning > REASONING is the basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

><11-4-04><

> <

>< Enactment > ENACTMENT represents the motion that wehn people act they bring structures and events into existence and set them in action. <

> < University of Alberta > <

>< Network > An NETWORK is a interconnected system of things or people. <

> < Princeton University > <

>< Anthropology > ANTHROPOLOGY is the scientific study of the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural developement of humans. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Linguistics > LINGUISTICS is the study of the nature, sturcture, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonolgy, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Syntax > SYNTAX is the study of rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Semantics > SEMANTICS is the study of science of meaning in language. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Pragmatics > PRAGMATICS is the study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the interlocutors. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Morphology > MORPHOLOGY is the study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Phonology > PHONOLOGY is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Computational Linguistics > COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS is the use of computers for linguistic research and applications. <

> <

>< 11-11-04 ><

> <

>< Axon > AXONs are the long nerce fibers that conduct away from the cell body of the neuron. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Synapses > A SYNAPSES is the junction across which a nerve inpulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Psychology > PSYCHOLOGY is the science that deals with mental processes and behavior. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Philosophy > PHILOSOPHY is the investigation of the nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Metacognition > METACOGNITION is refers to the act of thinking about thing, or the cognition of cognition. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Dendrite > DENDRITEs are the branch-like structures of neurons that extend from the cell body. The dendrites receive neural impulses from the axons of other neurons. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Logic > LOGIC is the study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structre of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Propositions > A PROPOSITION is a statement that affirms of denies something. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Cognition > COGNITION is the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgement. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< 11-18-04 ><

> <

>< Awareness > AWARENESS is the act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object. <

> < CancerWEB's On-line Medical Dictionary > <

>< Perception > PERCEPTION is the conscious mental registraction of a sensory stimulus. <

> < CancerWEB's On-line Medical Dictionary > <

>< Stimulus > STIMULUS is an agent, action, or condiction that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or response. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Program > A PROGRAM is a set of coded instructions that enables a machines, especially a computer, to perform a desired sequence of operations. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< LISP > LISP is AI's "mother tongue." It is a computer language based on ideas of variable-length lists and trees as fundamental data types, and the interpretation of code as data and vice-versa. <

> < Jargon File 4.2.0 > <

>< Prolog > PROLOG is a programming language used for writing programs that model human logic and decision making. Prolog is also used to support natural language processing. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Feedback > FEEDBACK is the return of information about the result of a process or activity; an evaluative response. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Heuristic > HEURISTICs relates to a usually speculative formulation serving as a guide in the investigation or solution of a problem. Heuristic problem solving is often referred to as "rule-of-thumb" problem solving.<

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Neural Networks > NEURAL NETWORKS are artificial networks or mathematical models for information processing based on how neurons and synapses work in the human brain. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Language > LANGUAGE is a formal system of communication which involves the combination of words and/or symbols, wether written or spoken, as well as some rules that govern them. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< 11-25-04 ><

> <

>< Neurocognition > NEUROCOGNITION is the study of the relationships between neuroscience and cognitive psychology. <

> < University of Alberta > <

>< Primitive > PRIMITIVES are the basic building blocks of a system that cannot, by definition, be broken down any further. <

> < University of Alberta > <

>< Veridicality > VERIDICALITY is the extent to which a knowledge structure accurately reflects the information environment it represents. <

> < University of Alberta > <

>< Knowledge Base > KNOWLEDGE BASES are the part of an expert system that contrain the facts and rules needed to solve problems. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Semantic Networks > SEMANTIC NETWORKS are often used as a form of knowledge representations. They are directed graphs consisting of vertices which represent concepts and edges which represent semantic relations between the concepts. <

> < Wikipedia > <

>< Grammar > GRAMMAR is the study of the rules governing the use of a language.<

> < Wikipedia > <

>< Generative Grammar > A GENERATIVE GRAMMAR for a particular language specifies, for each string of words, whether or not that string consistutes a grammatical sentence in that language. <

> < Wikipedia > <

>< Formal Grammar > A FORMAL GRAMMAR is an abstract structure that describes a formal language precisely.<

> < Wikipedia > <

>< Formal Language > A FORMAL LANGUAGE is a set of finite words drawn from some finite alphabet. <

> < Wikipedia > <

>< Venn Diagram > A VENN DIAGRAM is a diagram using circles to represent sets, with the position and overlap of the circles indicating the relaionships between the sets. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< 12-2-04 ><

> <

>< Teaching > TEACHING is to impart knowledge or skill. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Inference > INFERENCE is the act of process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Learning > LEARNING is the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Experience > An EXPERIENCE is the apprehension of an object, thought, or emotion through the senses or mind. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Thinking > THINKING is having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Critical Thinking > CRITICAL THINKING is the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods and making decisions. <

> < Wise-Up > <

>< Explanation > EXPLANATIONs are mutual clarifications of misunderstandings. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Convergent Thinking > CONVERGENT THINKING is a cognitive process in whcih a person attempts to find a single, correct answer to a problem. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Divergent Thinking > DIVERGENT THINKING is a cognitive process in which a person generates many unique, creative responses to a single question or problem.<

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Mood > A MOOD is one's experience of emotion that can influence perception of the world. <

> < Mayoclinic.com > <

>< 12-9-04 ><

> <

>< Emotion > EMOTION is a response by a whole organism involving physical arousal, expressive behaviours, and conscious experiece. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Semiotics > SEMIOTICS is the theory and study of signs and symbols, especially as elements of language or other systems of communication, and comprising, semantics, syntactics, and pragmatics. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Cognitive Science > COGNITIVE SCIENCE refers to the interdisciplinary study of the acquisition and use of knowledge. It includes as contributing disciplines: AI, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, anthropology, neuroscience, and eudcation.<

> < University of Alberta > <

>< Intelligence > INTELLIGENCE is the capacity for goal-directed, adaptive behavior. <

> < AlleyDog.com > <

>< Behavior > BEHAVIOR is the manner in which something functions or operates. <

> < Dictionary.com > <

>< Cognitive Interview > COGNITIVE INTERVIEWs, better known as guided recall, is the collection of retrieval strategies that sometimes increase recall. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

>< Cognitive Maps > COGNITIVE MAPs are mental maps of an enivronment. <

> < Memoryzine.com > <

>< Turing Test > The TURING TEST is a behavioural approach to determining whether or not a system is intelligent. <

> < University of Alberta > <

>< Cognitive Disorders > COGNITIVE DISORDERS is a set of disorders consisting of significant impairment of cognition or memory that's a marked deterioration from a previous level of functioning. <

> < MayoClinic.com > <

>< Consolidation > CONSOLIDATION is the physciological process that progressively transforms a temporary memory into a permanent memory. <

> < Memoryzine.com >