THE MIDDLE EAST
The Arab Cold War: conflict between conservative Arabs and pro-western governments

Kemal Ataturk's (Turkey) legacy
Petroleum and modernization
	-education, medical care & housing improve
	-rich v. poor

Independence after WWII
Lebanon and Syria
	-after Fall of France (1940) Allies occupy
	- US and Britain encourage nationalism
	-maintain military interests OIL
Arab League created 1945
	- to foster interstate cooperation
	-conservatives & revolutionaries disagree

Egypt
Arab-Israeli War 1948
	-King Faruk overthrown by Nasser 1952
Nasser's leadership
	-extremely popular throughout Arab world
	-declared neutrality in Cold War
	-used Aswan Dam for industry

Superpower Rivalries (Cold War)
Division of Cyprus 
	-to be independent or to be Greek?
	-Turkish minority v. Greek majority
	-Turkish invasion 1974
	-UN divides

Superpower Rivalries con't
USSR in Afghanistan
	-1979 Soviet invasion
	-Mujahedin lead resistance
	-1988 Soviets withdraw 
 
Civil War in Lebanon (1975-1989)
	-Border raids by Palestinian refugees (1970s)
	-Fragile peace 1991

The Iranian Revolution: Secular v. spiritual
Shah and "White Revolution"
-Developed Iran with US help
-Corruption, political repression, decline in agriculture
Islamic Revolution (1979)
	-led by Ruhollah Khomeini (Ayatollah)
	- unhappy Iranians, Shi'i and leftist join forces and overthrow the Shah

Iran-Iraq War (1980-89)
Ba'athist Party (Sadam Hussein) attack Iran 
Israelis afraid of united Arab world
Foreign involvement
Financial problems in Iraq
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (1990)