The Age of Imperialism:	Africa

The Myth of European Superiority
Social Darwinism (Lamarckism)
Eugenics- Karl Pearson (1905) National Life from the Standpoint of Science
Rudyard Kipling (1899) White Man�s Burden
Missionaries

2 Forms of Imperialism
1. Formal- through war and conquest

2. Informal- through economic domination

The Conquest of Africa
African societies
	-multiple ethnic groups
	-mostly farmers, herders, nomads
	-political systems varied

The Conquest of Africa, cont
Early Muslim contacts
     -Primarily for trading
Early European contacts
	  -Portuguese in 1500
     -slave trade outlawed 1807
	  -�Legitimate� trade by mid 1800s

The Partition of Africa
Berlin Conference (1884) begins the �scramble� for Africa
By 1912 nearly all of Africa under European control
Only Liberia and Ethiopia independent
Full Partition by 1912

North Africa
Britain controls Egypt, the Nile and Sudan
French conquest and settlement of northwest Africa
	-settlement
	-attempted assimilation

West Africa 
Indirect rule by Great Britain in scattered colonies
	-Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Gold Coast
France consolidates into French West Africa

East Africa 
Great Britain begins settlement
Emigrants from India
Competition for land

Southern Africa 

1815 Britain gains control from Dutch
The Great Trek (1835-1841) creates Orange Free State and Transvaal
Britain settles Natal and Cape Province
Boer War (1899-1902)
Union of South Africa 1909

Impact of Colonial Rule
Positive
	-education
	-positions in government
	-Christianity?????
Negative
	-land loss
	-tribal dislocation
	-compulsory labor
	-Christianity?????