From: web-form@Oswego.EDU Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2007 12:27 PM To: ucc@oswego.edu; loem@oswego.edu Subject: Web Form: Course Submission IP Address: 129.3.50.171 Department Chair: Karen Wolford Department Chair Email: wolford@oswego.edu Additional Contact: Pam Brand Additional Contact Email: brand@oswego.edu Course Number: PSY 441 Course Type: existing Course Course Title: Theories of Personality Catalog Description: A study of the major classic and current theories of personality and human behavior with an emphasis on the contributions to general psychology. It enables students to acquire an in depth understanding of concepts and principles that they can use to unravel mysteries of human behavior and see how these influences relate to our understanding of psychopathology (abnormal psychology) through an examination of personality research. Prerequisites: PSY 290 Sp - every Spring: Yes Semester Hours: 3 justificationforcourse: The course strengthens the overall psychology program and the human development program by providing opportunities for majors in both programs to take an elective that will better prepare them for graduate study. It is an advanced seminar course to provide a focus on primary source readings, critical thinking and analysis, and written and oral presentation skills. This course will satisfy the requirement that each major must take at least one four-hundred level psychology course. The following course outline is a sample course outline for this course. courseObjectives: Students who successfully complete this course should be able to understand, analyze, critically evaluate and synthesize information about: A. The major theories of personality B. The contributions of these theories to general psychology C. The research on personality that informs our understanding of human behavior D. Critical analysis and evaluation of the personality literature including the interface with psychopathology E. Current developments and controversies in the field in order to position themselves to anticipate future developments in personality theory Course Description: Course Outline: A Sample Course Outline: A. Introduction and Overview of Historical Perspectives of Personality Constructs and Theories 1. What is Personality? 2. Theoretical Analysis a. Philosophy b. Speculation c. Hypothesis d. Taxonomy 3. Why do we need different theories? 4. Theoretical Influences 5. Usefulness of a theory a. Generates research b. Is falsifiable c. Organizes data d. Guides action e. Internal consistency f. Parsimony 6. Dimensions for a concept of humanity 7. Research in personality theory B. Psychodynamic theories 1. Overview of psychoanalytic theory a. Biography of Sigmund Freud 2. Levels of mental life a. Unconscious b. Preconscious c. Conscious 3. Provinces of the mind a. Id b. Ego c. Superego 4. Dynamics of personality a. Drives and their relation to anxiety b. Defense mechanisms 5. Stages of development 6. Applications of psychoanalytic theory 7. Related research a. Unconscious mental processing b. Pleasure and the Id: Inhibition and the Ego c. Repression, inhibition, and defense mechanisms d. Research on dreams 8. Critique of Freud 9. Freudian concept of humanity 10. Adler: Individual Psychology 11. Overview of individual psychology a. Biography of Alfred Adler 12. Striving for success or superiority 13. Subjective perspectives a. Unity and self-consistency of personality b. Social interest, style of life and creative power c. Abnormal development 1. General description 2. External factors in maladjustment 3. Safeguarding tendencies 4. Masculine protest 14. Applications of individual psychology 15. Related research a. Social interest and criminal conduct b. Early recollections and personality traits c. Early recollections and psychotherapy outcomes 16. Critique of Adler 17. Concept of humanity 18. Jung: Analytical Psychology 19. Overview of Analytical Psychology a. Biography of Carl Jung 20. Levels of the psyche a. Conscious b. Personal unconscious c. Collective unconscious d. Archetypes 21. Dynamics of personality 22. Psychological types 23. Development of personality 24. Jung's methods of investigation 25. Related research 26. Critique of Jung 27. Concept of humanity C. Neo-Freudians 1. Klein: Object relations theory 2. Overview of object relations theory a. Biography of Melanie Klein 3. Psychic defense mechanisms 4. Internalizations a. Ego b. Superego c. Oedipus complex 5. Later views on object relations a. Mahler b. Kohut c. Bowlby d. Ainsworth 6. Psychotherapy 7. Related research a. Object relations and eating disorders b. Attachment theory and adult relationships 8. Critique of object relations theory 9. Concept of humanity 10. Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory 11. Overview of Psychoanalytic Social Theory a. Biography of Karen Horney 12. Basic hostility and basic anxiety 13. Compulsive drives 14. Intrapsychic conflicts 15. Feminine psychology 16. Psychotherapy 17. Related research 18. Critique of Horney 19. Concept of humanity 20. Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis 21. Overview of Humanistic Psychoanalysis a. Biography of Erich Fromm 22. Basic assumptions 23. Human needs 24. Burden of freedom a. Mechanisms of escape 1. Authoritarianism 2. Destructiveness 3. Conformity b. Positive freedom 25. Character orientations a. Nonproductive orientations 1. Receptive 2. Exploitative 3. Hoarding 4. Marketing b. Productive orientation 26. Personality disorders 27. Psychotherapy 28. Fromm's methods of investigation a. Social character in a Mexican village b. A psychohistorical study of Hitler 29. Related research 30. Critique of Fromm 31. Concept of humanity 32. Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory 33. Overview of Interpersonal Theory a. Biography of Harry Stack Sullivan 34. Tensions 35. Dynamisms a. Malevolence b. Intimacy c. Lust d. Self-system 36. Personifications 37. Level of cognition 38. Stages of development 39. Psychological disorders 40. Psychotherapy 41. Related research 42. Critique of Sullivan 43. Concept of humanity D. Post-Freudian Theory 1. Erikson: Post Freudian Psychosocial Theory 2. Overview of Post Freudian Theory a. Biography of Erik Erikson 3. The ego and society's influence and epigenetic principle 4. Stages of psychosocial development a. Infancy - trust vs. mistrust b. Early childhood - autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Play age - initiative vs. guilt d. School age - industry vs. inferiority e. Adolescence - identity vs. identity confusion f. Young adulthood - intimacy vs. isolation g. Adulthood - generativity vs. stagnation h. Old age - integrity vs. despair 5. Erikson's methods of investigation a. Anthropological studies b. Psychohistory 6. Related research 7. Critique of Erikson 8. Concept of Humanity E. Humanistic/Existential Theories 1. Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory 2. Overview of Holistic-Dynamic Theory a. Biography of Abraham Maslow 3. Maslow's view of motivation a. Hierarchy of needs 1. physiological needs 2. safety needs 3. love and belongingness needs 4. esteem needs 5. self-actualization needs b. Aesthetic needs c. Cognitive needs d. Neurotic needs e. General discussion of needs 4. Self-actualization a. Maslow's quest b. Criteria c. Values d. Characteristics e. Love, sex and self-actualization 5. Philosophy of science 6. Measuring self-actualization 7. The Jonah complex 8. Psychotherapy 9. Related research a. Personality development, growth and goals b. Components of psychological health 10. Critique of Maslow 11. Concept of humanity 12. Rogers: Person-Centered Theory a. Overview of Client-Centered Theory 13. Biography of Carl Rogers 14. Person-Centered Theory a. Basic assumptions 1. Formative tendency 2. Actualizing tendency b. The self and self-actualizaton c. Awareness d. Becoming a person e. Barriers to psychological health 15. Psychotherapy a. Conditions b. Process c. Outcome 16. The person of tomorrow 17. Philosophy of science 18. The Chicago studies 19. Related research a. Positive regard, self-esteem and romantic relationships b. Self-ideal, congruence and mental health 20. Critique of Rogers 21. Concept of Humanity 22. May: Existential Psychology 23. Overview of Existential Psychology a. Biography of Rollo May 24. Background of existentialism a. Being in the world b. Nonbeing 25. The case of Philip 26. Anxiety (normal and neurotic) 27. Guilt 28. Intentionality 29. Care, love, and will a. Forms of love 1. sex 2. eros 3. philia 4. agape 30. Freedom and destiny a. Existential freedom b. Essential freedom F. Dispositional Theories 1. Allport: The Psychology of the Individual 2. Overview of Allport's Psychology of the individual a. Biography of Gordon Allport 3. Allport's approach to personality theory a. What is personality? b. What is the role of conscious motivation? c. What are the characteristics of a healthy person? 4. Structure of personality (dispositions) a. Cardinal b. Central c. Secondary 5. Motivation 6. Functional autonomy 7. The study of the individual a. Morphogenic science b. The diaries of Marion Taylor c. Letters from Jenny 8. Related research a. The religious orientation scale b. Religion, prayer and health 9. Critique of Allport 10. Concept of Humanity G. Eysenck, McCrae, and Costa: Trait and Factor Theory 1. Overview of Trait and Factor Theory a. Biography of Hans J. Eysenck 2. Work of Raymond Cattell 3. Factor Analysis 4. Eysenck's Factor Theory a. Criteria for identifying factors b. Hierarchy of behavior organization 5. Dimensions of Personality 6. Measuring Personality 7. Biological Bases of Personality 8. Personality as a predictor a. Personality and behavior b. Personality and disease 9. The Big Five: Taxonomy or Theory a. Biographies of Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa, Jr. 10. Researching the Big Five a. Five factors found b. Description of the five factors 11. Evolution of the Five-Factor Theory a. Units of the Five-Factor Theory 1. Core components of personality 2. Basic tendencies 3. Characteristic adaptations 4. Self-concept 5. Peripheral components 6. Biological Bases 7. Objective biography 8. External influence b. Basic postulates 1. Postulates for basic tendencies 2. Postulates for characteristic adaptations 12. Related research a. Biology and personality b. Neurophysiology and personality c. Personality and culture d. Five-Factor Model across cultures e. Stability of traits over the lifespan 13. Critique of Trait and Factor Theories 14. Concept of humanity H. Learning Theories 1. Skinner: Behavioral Analysis 2. Overview of Behavioral Analysis a. Biography of B.F. Skinner 3. Precursors to Skinner's scientific behaviorism 4. Scientific behaviorism a. Philosophy of science b. Characteristics of science 5. Conditioning a. Classical b. Operant 6. The human organism 7. The unhealthy personality a. Counteracting strategies b. Inappropriate behaviors 8. Psychotherapy 9. Related Research a. How conditioning affects personality b. How personality affects conditioning 10. Critique of Skinner 11. Concept of humanity 12. Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory 13. Overview of Social Cognitive Theory a. Biography of Albert Bandura 14. Learning a. Observational learning 1. Modeling 2. Attention 3. Representation 4. Behavioral production 5. Motivation 6. Enactive learning b. Triadic reciprocal causation c. Human agency 1. Self-efficacy d. Proxy agency e. Collective efficacy 15. Self-regulation 16. Dysfunctional behavior a. Depression b. Phobias c. Aggression 17. Therapy 18. Related research a. Self-efficacy and shyness b. Self-efficacy, gender, and academic achievement 19. Critique of Bandura 20. Concept of humanity 21. Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory 22. Overview of Cognitive Social Learning Theory a. Biography of Julian Rotter b. Introduction to Rotter's Social Learning Theory 23. Predicting specific behaviors 24. Predicting general behaviors 25. General prediction formula 26. Maladaptive behavior 27. Psychotherapy 28. Introduction to Mischel's Personality Theory a. Biography of Walter Mischel b. Background of the Cognitive-Affective Personality System 29. Cognitive-Affective Personality System a. Consistency paradox b. Person-situation interaction c. Behavior prediction d. Situation variables e. Cognitive-affective units 30. Related research a. Locus of control, depression and suicide b. Person-situation interaction 31. Critique of Cognitive Social Learning Theory 32. Concept of humanity 33. Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs 34. Overview of Personal Construct Theory a. Biography of George Kelly 35. Kelly's philosophical position 36. Personal Constructs a. Basic postulate b. Supporting corrollaries 37. Application of Personal Construct Theory a. Abnormal development 1. Threat 2. Fear 3. Anxiety 4. Guilt 38. Psychotherapy 39. The Rep test 40. Related research a. Gender as a personal construct b. Smoking and self-concept 41. Critique of Kelly 42. Concept of Humanity VIII. Methods of Instruction: Lecture, oral report analysis, critical writing analysis, class discussion, demonstrations. Term paper to be completed under the review of the instructor. IX. Course Requirements: Students are expected to read the course textbook as well as additional outside primary source articles as assigned. Students will be required to take part in class discussion, oral presentation and critical thinking activities such as literature review and writing, oral presentations and oral exercises. Students will successfully complete assignments and exams. X. Means of Evaluation: Examination and assignments including oral presentation, class discussion, term paper. Resources: : The department has adequate resources, materials, and equipment to offer this course. We have verified with the library that they have sufficient services available to assist with this course. Bibliography: Adler, A. (1929/1969). The science of living. New York: Anchor Books. Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Water, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum. Allport, G.W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Henry Holt. Allport, G.W. (1966). Traits revisited. American Psychologist, 21, 1-10. American Psychiatric Association. (2002). DSM-IV-TR: Handbook of differential diagnosis. Washington, DC. Author. Anderson, C., John, O., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. (2001). Who attains social status? Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81. 116-132. Bandura, A. (2004) Swimming against the mainstream: The early years from chilly tributary to transformative mainstream. Behavior Research Bandura, A. & Walters, R.H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. Barlow, D.H. & Durand, V.M. (2006). Essentials of abnormality. 4th Edition Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Bem, D. (1992). On the uncommon wisdom of our lay personality theory: A book review essay on Ross & Nisbett, The Person and the situation: perspectives of social psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 3, 82-84. Breger, L. (2000). Freud: Darkness in the midst of vision. New York: Wiley. Brome, V. (1978). Jung. New York: Anthem. Burger, J.M. (2006). Personality. Academic Internet Publishers; 6th edition. Carson, R. C., Butcher, J. N., & Mineka, S. (2002). Panic, anxiety, and their disorders. In Fundamentals of abnormal psychology and modern life (pp. 149-187). New York: Allyn & Bacon. Cattell, R.B. (1957). Personality and motivation: structure and measurement. Yonkers-on-Hudson: World Book Co. Cattell, R.B. (1966) Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally. Cattell, R.B. and Kline, P. (1977). The scientific analysis of personality and motivation. London: Academic Press. Coles, Robert. (1970). Erik H. Erikson: The growth of his work. Boston: Little Brown. Derlega, V.U., Winstead, B.A., & Jones, W.H. (2005). Personality: Contemporary theory and research, Third Edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Digman, J.M. (1990). Personality Structure: emergence of the five-factor model, Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440. Erikson, E.H. (1974). Dimensions of a new identity. New York: Norton. Eysenck, H.J. (1970). The structure of human personality (3rd ed.). London: Methuen. Eysenck, J.J. (1997a). Personality and experimental psychology: The unification of psychology and the possibility of a paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1224-1237. Feist, J. & Feist, G. J. (2006). Theories of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill. Freud, S. (1909). The interpretation of dreams. SE., 4-5 (cf. Joyce Crick, Trans., 1999.) Freud, S. & Menand, L. (2005). Civilization and its discontents. NY: W.W. Norton. Freud, S. & Gay, P. (1989). The psychopathology of everyday life (Paperback). NY: W.W. Norton. Funder, D., Parke, R. D., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., & Widaman, K. (Ed.). (1993). Studying lives through time. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association. Hall, C.S. & Lindzey, G. (1978). Theories of personality. NY: John Wiley and Sons. Heatherton, T., & Weinberger, J. (Ed.). (1994). Can personality change? Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Hersen, M. & Thomas J. C. (Eds.). (2006). Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology: Personality and everyday functioning. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. NY: W.W. Norton. Klein, M. (1955/1980). The psycho-analytic play technique: Its history and significance. In J. Mitchell (Ed.) The selected Melanie Klein (pp. 35-54). New York: Free Press. Lakin, M. (1998). Carl Rogers and the culture of psychotherapy. In G. A. Kimble & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Portraits of pioneers in psychology: Vol. 1 (pp. 244-258)). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Lezenweger, M.R. & Clarkin, J.F. (2004). Major theories of personality disorder. NY: Guilford Publications Mahler, M. S. (1952). On child psychosis and schizophrenia: Autistic and symbiotic infantile psychosis. Psychoanalytic study of the child, 7, 286- 305. Maslow, A. H. (1996). Higher motivation and the new psychology. In E. Hoffman (Eds., Future visions: The unpublished papers of Abraham Maslow. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Mathews, A. & MacLeod, C. (1994). Cognitive approaches to emotion and emotional disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50. McCrae, R. & Costa, P.T., Jr. (1990). Personality in adulthood. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. McCrae, R. & Costa, P.T., Jr. (2003). Personality in adulthood. A Five-Factor theory perspective (2nd ed.) NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Millon, T., Grossman, S., Millon, C., Meagher, S., & Rammath, R. (2004). Personality disorders in modern life. (2nd ed.) NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Mischel, W. (1973). Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. Psychological Review, 80, 252-283. Pervin, LA. (Ed.). (1990a). Handbook of personality: theory and research. NY: Guilford. Revelle, W. (1995). Personality processes, Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 295-328. Rogers, Carl R. (1947). Some observations on the organization of personality. American Psychologist, 2, 358-368. Rotter, J. B. (1989). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. American Psychologist, 45, 489-493. Rotter, J.B., Lah, M.I., & Rafferty, J.E. (1992). Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank. Second edition manual. NY: Psychological Corporation. Schultz, D.P. & Schultz, S.E. (2005). Theories of personality. Eighth edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Skinner, B.F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. First edition. NY: Knopf. Sternberg, R. J. & Ruzgis, P. (1994) Personality and intelligence. Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press. Strahey, J. (1960, 2000). The ego and the id. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (24 Volume set) (Hardcover). NY: W.W. Norton. Williams J.M., Mathews A., & MacLeod C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol Bull; 120(1):3-24. Wish, M. Deutsch, M., & Biener, L. (1972) Differences in perceived similarity of nations. In Romney, et al. Multidimensional scaling, Vol. 2. 55-72. NY: Seminar. Other Comments: The course is being renumbered to go with our attampts at deriving a new numbering system.