Q2. What is the general term for all material of glacial origin?
a. moraine
b. till
c. drift
d. loess
Q3. Which of the following are not deposited from glacial meltwater?
a. moraines
b. kames
c. eskers
d. outwash
Q4. Large, streamlined hills of till and bedrock, common in the Oswego area and to the west south of Lake Ontario are called ______.
a. aretes
b. kames
c. eskers
d. drumlins
Q5. You are a rock hound who wants to collect as many different rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) as possible. You'd find the widest variety of rock types in
a. river deposits
b. glacial deposits
c. mass wasting deposits
d. point bar deposits
Q6.There were numerous ice ages and interglacial periods throughout all of the past
a. two thousand years
b. two million years
c. two hundred thousand years
d. two billion years
Q7. Which of the following features can be used to determine the direction glaciers advanced?
a. eskers
b. drumlins
c. striations
d. a & b
e. b & c
Q8. During ice ages, sea level _________ causing coastal rivers to _________.
a. rises, aggrade
b. falls, aggrade
c. rises, erode downward
d. falls, erode downwerd
Q9. A bowl-shaped depression at the top of a glacial valley is called a
a. arete
b. cirque
c. hanging valley
d. moraine
Q10. Which best describes glacial tills?
a. poorly sorted and poorly stratified
b. well sorted and poorly stratified
c. well sorted and stratified
d. thin layers of alternating coarse and fine sediment
Congratulations, you've completed the quiz! How did you do?
A1. The best answer is b. V-shaped valleys form from river erosion. U-shaped valleys are characteristic of glacial widening and deeping of pre-existing V-shaped river valleys. Cirques and aretes are types of glacial erosional landforms.
A2. The best answer is c. Drift is a general term for any sediment deposited by a glacier or glacial meltwater. Till refers to sediment deposited from melting glacial ice. A moraine is a ridge made of till. Loess is wind-blown silt. Large loess deposits formed after the last ice age when winds blew silt out of glacial deposits.
A3. The answer is a. Moraines are ridges made of glacial till. Kames are deposits of stratified that are steep-sided hills. Eskers are deposits from sub-glacial (or supraglacial or englacial) meltwater streams. Outwash is a general t erm used to refer to deposits of glacial meltwater streams.
A4. The answer is d. The area around Oswego is dotted with drumlins, low, streamlined hills made of till. There are classic drumlin fields in Wayne and northern Cayuga Counties west of Oswego. Aretes are erosional features, knife-sh arp ridges that separate glacial valleys. Kames are steep-sided landforms made of stratified drift. Eskers are deposits of subglacial (or supraglacial or englacial) meltwater streams.
A5. The answer is b. Glacial deposits, because they are derived from a very large area eroded by the glacier, contain the widest variety of different rock types. River deposits may contain some variety of rock types if the drainage a rea of the river is very large, but by the time they make their way downstream, to be deposited on a point bar perhaps, the rocks are worn down to very small sizes like sand. A rock hound wouldn't want to collect sand grains her specimens! Mass wasting deposits are derived from a small area.
A6. The best answer is b. Ice ages have occurred periodically during all of the last 2 million years. Between ice ages were warmer interglacial periods. The last ice age came to a close about 10,000 years ago when ice sheets had retr eated nearly to their present positions. Over the past 200,000 and 2 billion years there have been very long periods of geologic time when there were no ice ages. For example, during the entire Mesozoic Era there was no widespread glaciation.
A7. The answer is e. Both drumlins and striations can be used to determine glacial flow direction. Drumlins are steeper on the side facing the direction from which the ice came. Striations are long scratches made parallel to ice flo w. They feel smoother when you run your finger along them in the direction of ice flow. Eskers are sinuous ridges made from deposition in subglacial meltwater streams. They do not provide information on ice flow direction.
A8. The answer is d. During ice ages, seawater evaporates and much of this water is precipitated over ice sheets as snow, becoming frozen in the ice sheet. This causes sea level to fall. When sea level falls the lowering of base lev el causes coastal rivers to erode downward, forming incised valleys. When the climate warms and the ice age ends, the meltwater from ice sheets finds its way back into the ocean. Sea level then rises. Coastal rivers respond by aggrading and filling the incised valleys.
A9. The answer is b, cirque. An arete is a, knife-sharp ridge that separates glacial valleys. A hanging valley forms where a broad, deep glacial valley cuts across the end of a higher tributary valley. Moraines are ridges made of glaci al till.
A10. The answer is a. Glacial tills are poorly sorted and unstratified or crudely stratified. This is because tills are made of sediments deposited directly from melting ice. Glaciers carry a wide variety of sizes of material. All o f this material is deposited en masse as the ice melts. Deposits will be stratified if they are deposited in meltwater streams or lakes.